An engine is similar to a person. A person breathes air which contains oxygen for use in generating energy from the food we eat. If a person breathes dirty air, the particulates clogs the person breathing tubes and the lungs itself hampering its function in collecting oxygen. In an engine, dirty air can introduce contaminants into the cylinders which can causes abrasive damage. Other contaminants can burn inside the cylinders causing deposits on the pistons and walls, hampering their function. This results in reduced power. To reduce this effect, all engines have some form of air filters in their air intakes systems.
Other versions of air intakes, like cold air intake systems reduce the temperature of the air in the intake manifold. This is similar to putting an inflated balloon inside the freezer for a certain length of time, at the end which often results in the reduction of the size of the balloon. In the engine, the cold fuel and air reduces in volume while retaining the same quantity of air. Thus, when a cylinder draws in this fuel and air, a larger quantity is taken since the cylinder volume remains the same. This increased amount of fuel and air produces increased power.
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